Endocrine Abstracts

Graves’ orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) represents the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease. Smoking and radioactive iodine therapy are the most important modifiable risk factors. Thyrotropin receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor crosstalk, orbital inflammatory infiltration and activation of orbital fibroblasts lead to perpetuation of orbital inflammation a...

Introduction: Malignancies and hyperparathyroidism account for over 90% of cases of hypercalcaemia. When presenting with suppressed PTH, malignancy is its commonest cause. We present a case of PTH-independent hypercalcaemia of immobilisation responding to bisphosphonate therapy.Case summary: A 57-year-old Caucasian male presented with significant weight loss and severe back pain. He consumed 50 units of alcohol a week, had stopped smoking 20 years earlie...

Background: Sex-steroid feedback regulates gonadotropin (LH and FSH) secretion. Kisspeptin, a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide, stimulates gonadotropin secretion by stimulating GnRH secretion, and has been shown in animal models to play a central role in mediating sex steroid feedback.Hypothesis: As estrogen feedback occurs at both the hypothalamus and the pituitary in women, we hypothesized that the stimulatory effect of kisspeptin-10 would be dependent ...